Is personalisation a way to operationalise long-term working memory?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ericsson et Kintsch (1995) ont proposé que les experts pouvaient circonscrire les limitesde la mémoire de travail en utilisant la mémoire de travail à long terme, cette dernièrepermettant une plus grande capacité de stockage. Pour tester ces caractéristiques, deux groupesont été contrastés sur l’expertise en compréhension de texte. La méthode employée lapersonnalisation consiste à introduire des éléments biographiques dans un texte, permettantau lecteur d’être en situation d’expertise. Ainsi un groupe personnalisé lisant un texte avec deslieux familiers a été comparé à un groupe non-personnalisé lisant un texte contenant des lieuxnon-familiers. Dans chaque lieu, se trouvaient un ou deux objets, les sujets devaient rappelerces objets, avec pour indice les lieux. La sensibilité au délai et à la charge en mémoire étaienttestées. Comme attendu, le groupe personnalisé a rappelé plus d’objets et n’a pas montré desensibilité au délai et à la charge en mémoire.Ericsson and Kintsch (1995) have proposed that in situations of expertise, individuals canovercome working memory limitations by using long-term working memory. It allowsa greater and longer storage capacity than working memory and a better resistance tointerference. To test these characteristics two groups were contrasted among expertise intext comprehension. The method employed was personalisation; it consisted of introducingbiographical elements in texts, allowing the reader to be in an expertise situation. Thereforea personalised group who read texts with familiar locations was compared with a non-personalised group who read texts with unfamiliar locations. In each location were positionedone or two objects, the participants had to recall them using locations as cues. Sensitivity todelay and to memory load were tested among the two groups. As predicted, the personalisedgroup recalled more objects and showed no sensitivity to delay and to memory load, suggestingthat the personalisation method is valuable.
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